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2025
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The core automated equipment for engineering support construction
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In projects such as tunnels, mine roadways, and hydraulic culverts, shotcrete support is a critical process for reinforcing the surrounding rock mass and preventing collapse; it directly affects the stability of the engineering structure and construction safety.
In projects such as tunnels, mine roadways, and hydraulic culverts, shotcrete support is a critical process for reinforcing surrounding rock and preventing collapses, directly impacting the stability of the engineering structure and construction safety. As a specialized piece of equipment integrating concrete delivery, spraying, and intelligent control, wet-mix shotcrete rigs—thanks to their efficiency, environmental friendliness, and precision—have gradually replaced traditional manual spraying methods and small-scale wet-mix machines, becoming the core equipment for modern support construction. From a structural perspective, the design of wet-mix shotcrete rigs focuses on adapting to complex construction environments and consists of five major systems. First is the traveling system; most mainstream models feature four-wheel-drive, four-wheel-steering chassis, with some equipped with crab-like or figure-eight walking modes, enabling tight turning radii and a 36% gradeability that easily handles rugged construction sites. The cab can rotate 180°, facilitating convenient forward and backward operation. Second is the spraying boom system; many models are fitted with patented boom designs paired with large-diameter internal gear slewing bearings, ensuring even force distribution while allowing flexible 360° rotation, thus precisely covering the working surface without any dead angles. Third is the pumping system, which employs advanced pumping mechanisms combined with high-strength steel pipes to reduce pumping resistance and pulsating impacts, minimizing pipe blockage issues. The maximum theoretical output of mainstream models can reach 40 m³/h, meeting the demands of large-scale construction. Fourth is the power system, typically featuring a dual-power design combining diesel engines and electric motors. During routine operations, the rig can be driven by electricity, reducing exhaust emissions and noise levels; in emergencies, it can switch to diesel power to ensure uninterrupted construction. Fifth is the intelligent control system, which allows wireless remote operation and automatically adjusts the setting agent dosage according to the pumping rate—generally controlled at 3-5%. This ensures optimal concrete setting performance while minimizing material waste. Compared to traditional spraying equipment, wet-mix shotcrete rigs offer significant advantages. Traditional manual spraying often results in a rebound rate exceeding 30%, with poor surface smoothness; in contrast, wet-mix shotcrete rigs can keep the rebound rate below 15%, producing structurally uniform surfaces after casting. In terms of efficiency, a team of two to three workers using conventional equipment can spray less than 10 m³ per day, whereas a single operator controlling a wet-mix shotcrete rig can achieve daily outputs of hundreds of cubic meters. Regarding safety, the remote operation mode keeps workers away from high-dust and high-risk work areas, significantly reducing occupational health risks. Currently, this equipment has been widely applied in various fields, including highway and railway tunnels, mine roadways, building foundation pits, and dam slopes.
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